Artificial Intelligence-Driven Personalized Nutrition and Nutraceutical Strategies for Gut Microbiome Health

Abstract

The human gut microbiome is a dynamic and highly individualized ecosystem that regulates digestion, metabolism, immunity and gut–organcommunication. Diet is among the most powerful modifiable determinants of microbiome composition and function, and this bidirectional diet–microbiota relationship underlies growing interest in nutraceuticals—probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics and polyphenols—as tools formodulating gut health. However, inter-individual variability in microbiome composition, metabolism, genetics and lifestyle means that a singledietary or nutraceutical strategy rarely produces uniform outcomes, creating a strong rationale for personalized nutrition. Artificial intelligence(AI) and machine learning (ML) offer a powerful analytical framework for integrating multi-omics, dietary and clinical datasets to predictindividual responses and guide targeted interventions. This narrative review synthesizes current literature on the gut microbiome, diet–microbiotainteractions, nutraceutical modulation of gut health, and the emerging role of AI in personalized nutrition and nutraceutical selection, whilecritically examining applications, limitations and future directions for precision gut healthcare.

Keywords: gut microbiome; personalized nutrition; nutraceuticals; artificial intelligence; machine learning; precision healthcare; multi-omics.